Iimbangela kunye neendlela zokuthintela ukubola kwe-304 yentsimbi engenasici.
Ubungqina obucacileyo: Umthengi usanda kuthenga ibhetshi ye-304 yeeflange zensimbi ezingenasici, ezaziza kuxutywa kwaye zigqithiswe phambi kokusetyenziswa. Ngenxa yoko, amaqamza avela kumphezulu weeflange zensimbi engenasici emva kokufakwa kwitanki yokuchola ngaphezulu kwemizuzu elishumi. Emva kokuba iiflange zikhutshiwe zaza zacocwa, kwafunyanwa umhlwa. Ukuze ufumane isizathu sokubola kwee-flange zensimbi ezingenasici, ukukhusela iingxaki zomgangatho ukuba ziphinde zenzeke, kwaye zinciphise ilahleko yezoqoqosho. Umthengi wasimema ngokukhethekileyo ukuba simncede ngohlalutyo lwesampulu kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-metallographic.
Okokuqala, makhe ndazise i-304 ye-flange yensimbi engenasici. Inokumelana ne-corrosion elungileyo, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye neempawu zobushushu obusezantsi. Iyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kwiatmosfera kwaye iyamelana neasidi. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiprojekthi zemibhobho yolwelo efana nepetroleum kunye neshishini lemichiza. Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yoxhulumaniso lombhobho, ineenzuzo zokuxhuma ngokulula kunye nokusetyenziswa, ukugcina ukusebenza kokutywinwa kwemibhobho, kunye nokuququzelela ukuhlolwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwecandelo elithile lombhobho.
Inkqubo yokuhlola
- Jonga ukwakheka kweekhemikhali: Okokuqala, isampula yeflange edlekileyo kwaye usebenzise i-spectrometer ukumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukwakheka kweekhemikhali. Iziphumo ziboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi. Xa kuthelekiswa neemfuno zobugcisa be-304 yensimbi engenasici kwi-ASTMA276-2013,Umxholo we-Cr ekubunjweni kweekhemikhali ze-flange engaphumelelanga iphantsi kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Metallographic: Isampuli ye-longitudinal cross-section yanqunyulwa kwindawo yokubola ye-flange engaphumelelanga. Emva kokupholisha, akuzange kufunyanwe mhlwa. Ukufakwa kwe-non-metallic kwabonwa phantsi kwe-metallographic microscope kunye necandelo le-sulfide lilinganiswe njenge-1.5, udidi lwe-alumina lulinganiswe njenge-0, udidi lwetyuwa lwe-asidi lulinganiswe njenge-0, kwaye udidi lwe-spherical oxide lulinganiswe njenge-1.5; isampuli yabhalwa nge-ferric chloride hydrochloric acid isisombululo samanzi kwaye yabonwa phantsi kwe-100x ye-metallographic microscope. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba iinkozo ze-austenite kwizinto eziphathekayo zazingalingani kakhulu. Ibakala lobungakanani beenkozo liye lavavanywa ngokwe-GB/T6394-2002. Indawo yengqolowa erhabaxa inokulinganiswa njenge-1.5 kwaye indawo yengqolowa ecolekileyo inokulinganiswa njenge-4.0. Ngokuqwalasela i-microstructure ye-corrosion kufuphi-surface, inokufumaneka ukuba i-corrosion iqala kwi-metal surface, igxininise kwimida yengqolowa ye-austenite kwaye idlulele ngaphakathi kwezinto eziphathekayo. Imida yeenkozo kule ndawo itshatyalaliswa yi-corrosion, kwaye amandla okudibanisa phakathi kweenkozo phantse alahlekile ngokupheleleyo. Intsimbi eyotywe kakhulu ide yenze umgubo, oxutywe ngokulula kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo.
- Uhlalutyo olubanzi: Iziphumo zovavanyo lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zibonisa ukuba umxholo we-Cr kwi-chemical composition of the flange steel stainless incinci ngaphantsi kwexabiso eliqhelekileyo. I-Cr element iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu emisela ukuxhathisa ukubola kwensimbi engenasici. Iyakwazi ukusabela ngeoksijini ukuvelisa i-Cr oxides, yenze i-passivation layer ukuthintela ukubola; umxholo we-sulfide ongeyena-metallic kwizinto eziphathekayo ziphezulu, kwaye ukuhlanganiswa kwe-sulfide kwiindawo zendawo kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni i-Cr concentration kwindawo ejikelezileyo, eyenza indawo ye-Cr-poor, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion yensimbi engenasici; ngokuqwalasela iinkozo zeflange yensimbi engenasici, kunokufunyaniswa ukuba ubungakanani bayo obuziinkozo abulingani ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye iinkozo ezingalinganiyo ezixubeneyo embuthweni zithande ukwenza umahluko kwisakhono se-electrode, okukhokelela kwiibhetri ezincinci, ezikhokelela kwi-electrochemical corrosion on. umphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo. I-coarse kunye ne-fiche edibeneyo edibeneyo ye-flange ye-stainless steel stainless inxulumene kakhulu nenkqubo yokuguqula ukusebenza okutshisayo, okubangelwa ukuguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kweenkozo ngexesha lokubumba. Uhlalutyo lwe-microstructure ye-corrosion ekufutshane nomphezulu we-flange ibonisa ukuba i-corrosion iqala ukusuka kumphezulu we-flange kwaye idlulele ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kumda we-austenite grain. I-microstructure ye-high-magnification yezinto ezibonakalayo ibonisa ukuba kukho izigaba ezingaphezulu zesithathu ezigqithisiweyo kumda we-austenite grain boundary of the material. Izigaba zesithathu eziqokelelwe kumda wokudla okuziinkozo zivame ukubangela ukuchithwa kwechromium kumda weenkozo, ezibangela ukuthambekela kwe-intergranular corrosion kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu ukuxhathisa kwayo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ezi zigqibo zilandelayo zinokuthathwa kwizinto ezibangela ukubola kwe-304 yensimbi engenasici:
- I-corrosion ye-stainless steel flanges yisiphumo sesenzo esidibeneyo sezinto ezininzi, phakathi kwazo apho isigaba sesithathu sigqithise kumda wengqolowa yezinto eziphathekayo yimbangela enkulu yokungaphumeleli kwe-flange. Kucetyiswa ukuba ulawule ngokungqongqo ubushushu bobushushu ngexesha lokusebenza kushushu, ungagqithisi ubushushu bomda ophezulu wenkqubo yokufudumeza izinto, kunye nokupholisa ngokukhawuleza emva kwesisombululo esiqinileyo ukunqanda ukuhlala kuluhlu lobushushu be-450 ℃-925 ℃ ixesha elide kakhulu. ukuthintela imvula yamasuntswana esigaba sesithathu.
- Iinkozo ezixubeneyo kwizinto eziphathekayo zixhomekeke kwi-electrochemical corrosion ebusweni bezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye umlinganiselo wokubumba kufuneka ulawulwe ngokungqongqo ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba.
- Umxholo ophantsi we-Cr kunye nomxholo ophezulu we-sulfide kwizinto eziphathekayo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion ye-flange. Xa ukhetha izinto eziphathekayo, kufuneka kuhlawulwe ingqalelo ekukhetheni izinto ezinomgangatho ococekileyo we-metallurgical.